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本繁體中文版使用機器翻譯,譯文僅供參考,若與英文版本牴觸,應以英文版本為準。

以ONIE模式安裝CummulUS Linux

貢獻者

當交換器以ONIE模式執行時、請遵循此程序來安裝Cummulos Linux(CL)OS。

註 在交換器執行ONIE或Cummulos Linux時、可以安裝Cummulos Linux(CL)作業系統(請參閱 "以Cummuls模式安裝")。
關於這項工作

您可以使用開放式網路安裝環境(ONIE)來安裝CummUS Linux、以便自動探索網路安裝程式映像。這有助於以作業系統選擇(例如Cummulas Linux)來保護交換器的系統模式。使用ONIE安裝Cummulis Linux最簡單的方法、就是使用本機HTTP探索。

註 如果您的主機已啟用IPv6、請確定它正在執行Web伺服器。如果您的主機已啟用IPV4、請確定除了Web伺服器、主機還在執行DHCP。

此程序示範如何在系統管理員在ONIE中開機後升級Cummuls Linux。

範例 1. 步驟
Cumulus Linux 4.4.3
  1. 將Cummuls Linux安裝檔案下載至Web伺服器的根目錄。將此檔案重新命名為: onie-installer

  2. 使用乙太網路纜線將主機連接至交換器的管理乙太網路連接埠。

  3. 開啟交換器電源。

    交換器會下載ONIE映像安裝程式並開機。安裝完成後、會在終端機視窗中顯示CummUS Linux登入提示。

    註 每次安裝CummUS Linux時、整個檔案系統結構都會被清除並重新建置。
  4. 重新啟動SN2100交換器:

    cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ sudo reboot
  5. 在"GNU Grub(GNU Grub)"屏幕上按* Esc*鍵以中斷正常引導過程,選擇"ONIE(* ONIE )",然後按 Enter鍵。

  6. 在下一個畫面中、選取「* ONIE:install OS*(* ONIE:安裝OS*)」。

  7. ONIE安裝程式探索程序會執行搜尋自動安裝。按* Enter *可暫時停止此程序。

  8. 當探索程序停止時:

    ONIE:/ # onie-stop
    discover: installer mode detected.
    Stopping: discover...start-stop-daemon: warning: killing process 427:
    No such process done.
  9. 如果您的網路上正在執行DHCP服務、請確認已正確指派IP位址、子網路遮罩和預設閘道:

    ifconfig eth0

    ONIE:/ # ifconfig eth0
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:CE:F6:19:1D:F6
           inet addr:10.233.204.71  Bcast:10.233.205.255  Mask:255.255.254.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::bace:f6ff:fe19:1df6/64 Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:21344 errors:0 dropped:2135 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:3500 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:6119398 (5.8 MiB)  TX bytes:472975 (461.8 KiB)
           Memory:dfc00000-dfc1ffff
    
    ONIE:/ # route
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    
    default         10.233.204.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0      0   eth0
    10.233.204.0    *               255.255.254.0   U     0      0      0   eth0
  10. 如果手動定義IP定址方案、請執行下列步驟:

    ONIE:/ # ifconfig eth0 10.233.204.71 netmask 255.255.254.0
    ONIE:/ # route add default gw 10.233.204.1
  11. 重複步驟9、確認已正確輸入靜態資訊。

  12. 安裝CummUS Linux:

    # onie-nos-install http://<web-server>/<path>/cumulus-linux-4.4.3-mlx-amd64.bin
    ONIE:/ # route
    
      Kernel IP routing table
    
      ONIE:/ # onie-nos-install http://<web-server>/<path>/cumulus-linux-4.4.3-mlx-amd64.bin
    
      Stopping: discover... done.
      Info: Attempting http://10.60.132.97/x/eng/testbedN,svl/nic/files/cumulus-linux-4.4.3-mlx-amd64.bin ...
      Connecting to 10.60.132.97 (10.60.132.97:80)
      installer            100% |*|   552M  0:00:00 ETA
      ...
      ...
  13. 安裝完成後、請登入交換器。

    cumulus login: cumulus
    Password: cumulus
    You are required to change your password immediately (administrator enforced)
    Changing password for cumulus.
    Current password: cumulus
    New password: <new_password>
    Retype new password: <new_password>
  14. 驗證Cummuls Linux版本: net show version

    cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ net show version
    NCLU_VERSION=1.0-cl4.4.3u4
    DISTRIB_ID="Cumulus Linux"
    DISTRIB_RELEASE=4.4.3
    DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Cumulus Linux 4.4.3”
Cumulus Linux 5.x
  1. 將Cummuls Linux安裝檔案下載至Web伺服器的根目錄。將此檔案重新命名為: onie-installer

  2. 使用乙太網路纜線將主機連接至交換器的管理乙太網路連接埠。

  3. 開啟交換器電源。

    交換器會下載ONIE映像安裝程式並開機。安裝完成後、會在終端機視窗中顯示CummUS Linux登入提示。

    註 每次安裝CummUS Linux時、整個檔案系統結構都會被清除並重新建置。
  4. 重新啟動SN2100交換器:

    cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ sudo reboot
    .
    .
    GNU GRUB version 2.06-3
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Cumulus-Linux GNU/Linux                                                 |
    | Advanced options for Cumulus-Linux GNU/Linux                            |
    | ONIE                                                                    |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  5. 在 GNU GRUB 畫面上按下 Esc 鍵、即可中斷正常的開機程序、選取 ONIE 、然後按 Enter 鍵。

    .
    .
    Loading ONIE ...
    
    GNU GRUB version 2.02
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ONIE: Install OS                                                        |
    | ONIE: Rescue                                                            |
    | ONIE: Uninstall OS                                                      |
    | ONIE: Update ONIE                                                       |
    | ONIE: Embed ONIE                                                        |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    |                                                                         |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    選取 ONIE : * 安裝作業系統 *

  6. ONIE安裝程式探索程序會執行搜尋自動安裝。按* Enter *可暫時停止此程序。

  7. 當探索程序停止時:

    ONIE:/ # onie-stop
    discover: installer mode detected.
    Stopping: discover...start-stop-daemon: warning: killing process 427:
    No such process done.
  8. 設定 IP 位址、子網路遮罩和預設閘道:

    ifconfig eth0

    ONIE:/ # ifconfig eth0
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:CE:F6:19:1D:F6
           inet addr:10.233.204.71  Bcast:10.233.205.255  Mask:255.255.254.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::bace:f6ff:fe19:1df6/64 Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:21344 errors:0 dropped:2135 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:3500 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:6119398 (5.8 MiB)  TX bytes:472975 (461.8 KiB)
           Memory:dfc00000-dfc1ffff
    ONIE:/ #
    ONIE:/ # ifconfig eth0 10.228.140.27 netmask 255.255.248.0
    ONIE:/ # ifconfig eth0
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B8:CE:F6:5E:05:E6
           inet addr:10.228.140.27 Bcast:10.228.143.255 Mask:255.255.248.0
           inet6 addr: fd20:8b1e:b255:822b:bace:f6ff:fe5e:5e6/64 Scope:Global
           inet6 addr: fe80::bace:f6ff:fe5e:5e6/64 Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
           RX packets:18813 errors:0 dropped:1418 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:491 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:1339596 (1.2 MiB) TX bytes:49379 (48.2 KiB)
           Memory:dfc00000-dfc1ffff
    ONIE:/ # route add default gw 10.228.136.1
    ONIE:/ # route
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    
    default         10.228.136.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0      0   eth0
    10.228.136.1    *               255.255.248.0   U     0      0      0   eth0
  9. 安裝 Cumulus Linux 5.4 :

    ONIE:/ # route
    
      Kernel IP routing table
    
      ONIE:/ # onie-nos-install http://<web-server>/<path>/cumulus-linux-5.4-mlx-amd64.bin
    
      Stopping: discover... done.
      Info: Attempting http://10.60.132.97/x/eng/testbedN,svl/nic/files/cumulus-linux-5.4-mlx-amd64.bin ...
      Connecting to 10.60.132.97 (10.60.132.97:80)
      installer            100% |*|   552M  0:00:00 ETA
      ...
      ...
  10. 安裝完成後、請登入交換器。

    cumulus login: cumulus
    Password: cumulus
    You are required to change your password immediately (administrator enforced)
    Changing password for cumulus.
    Current password: cumulus
    New password: <new_password>
    Retype new password: <new_password>
  11. 驗證Cummuls Linux版本: nv show system

    cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ nv show system
    operational         applied              description
    ------------------- -------------------- ---------------------
    hostname            cumulus              cumulus
    build               Cumulus Linux 5.4.0  system build version
    uptime              6 days, 13:37:36     system uptime
    timezone            Etc/UTC              system time zone
  12. 建立新使用者、並將此使用者新增至 sudo 群組:此使用者只有在主控台/SSH工作階段重新啟動後才會生效。

    sudo adduser --ingroup netedit admin

    cumulus@sw1:mgmt:~$ sudo adduser --ingroup netedit admin
    [sudo] password for cumulus:
    Adding user 'admin' ...
    Adding new user 'admin' (1001) with group `netedit' ...
    Creating home directory '/home/admin' ...
    Copying files from '/etc/skel' ...
    New password:
    Retype new password:
    passwd: password updated successfully
    Changing the user information for admin
    Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
    Full Name []:
    Room Number []:
    Work Phone []:
    Home Phone []:
    Other []:
    Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
    
    cumulus@sw1:mgmt:~$ sudo adduser admin sudo
    [sudo] password for cumulus:
    Adding user `admin' to group `sudo' ...
    Adding user admin to group sudo
    Done.
    cumulus@sw1:mgmt:~$ exit
    logout
    Connection to 10.233.204.71 closed.
    
    [admin@cycrh6svl01 ~]$ ssh admin@10.233.204.71
    admin@10.233.204.71's password:
    Linux sw1 4.19.0-cl-1-amd64 #1 SMP Cumulus 4.19.206-1+cl4.4.1u1 (2021-09-09) x86_64
    Welcome to NVIDIA Cumulus (R) Linux (R)
    
    For support and online technical documentation, visit
    http://www.cumulusnetworks.com/support
    
    The registered trademark Linux (R) is used pursuant to a sublicense from LMI, the exclusive licensee of Linus Torvalds, owner of the mark on a world-wide basis.
    admin@sw1:mgmt:~$
  13. 新增其他使用者群組供管理員使用者存取 nv 命令:

    cumulus@cumulus:mgmt:~$ sudo adduser admin nvshow
         [sudo] password for cumulus:
         Adding user `admin' to group `nvshow' ...
         Adding user admin to group nvshow
         Done.

    請參閱 "NVIDIA 使用者帳戶" 以取得更多資訊。