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使用 PowerShell 强化ONTAP Cyber Vault

08/18/2025 贡献者

与传统解决方案相比， ONTAP网络保险库具有更好的抵御网络攻击的能力。在设计增强安全性的架构时，考虑减少攻击面的措施至关重要。这可以通过各种方法实现，例如实施强化密码策略、启用 RBAC、锁定默认用户帐户、配置防火墙以及利用审批流程对保险库系统进行任何更改。此外，限制特定 IP 地址的网络访问协议有助于限制潜在的漏洞。

ONTAP提供了一组控制措施，可以强化ONTAP存储。使用"ONTAP的指导和配置设置"帮助组织满足信息系统机密性、完整性和可用性的规定安全目标。

强化最佳实践

手动步骤

创建具有预定义和自定义管理角色的指定用户。
创建新的 IP 空间来隔离网络流量。
创建驻留在新 IP 空间中的新 SVM。
确保防火墙路由策略配置正确，并且所有规则都定期审核并根据需要更新。

ONTAP CLI 或通过自动化脚本

使用多管理员验证 (MFA) 保护管理
启用集群之间“传输中”的标准数据加密。
使用强加密密码保护 SSH 并强制使用安全密码。
启用全局 FIPS。
应禁用 Telnet 和远程 Shell (RSH)。
锁定默认管理员帐户。
禁用数据 LIF 并保护远程访问点。
禁用并删除未使用或多余的协议和服务。
加密网络流量。
设置超级用户和管理角色时使用最小特权原则。
使用允许的 IP 选项限制来自特定 IP 地址的 HTTPS 和 SSH。
根据传输计划停止并恢复复制。

项目 1-4 需要手动干预，例如指定隔离网络、隔离 IP 空间等，并且需要事先执行。有关配置强化的详细信息，请参阅"ONTAP安全强化指南"。其余部分可以轻松实现自动化，以便于部署和监控。这种精心设计的方法的目的是提供一种机制来自动化强化步骤，以确保保险库控制器的未来安全。网络保险库隔离间隙打开的时间范围尽可能短。 SnapVault利用永久增量技术，该技术只会将自上次更新以来的更改移动到网络保险库中，从而最大限度地减少网络保险库必须保持开放的时间。为了进一步优化工作流程，网络保险库的开放与复制计划相协调，以确保最小的连接窗口。

以下是用于强化ONTAP控制器的 PowerShell 代码示例。

function removeSvmDataProtocols {
    try {

        # checking NFS service is disabled
        logMessage -message "Checking if NFS service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        $nfsService = Get-NcNfsService
        if($nfsService) {
            # Remove NFS
            logMessage -message "Removing NFS protocol on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
            Remove-NcNfsService -VserverContext $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Confirm:$false
            logMessage -message "NFS protocol removed on vServer :  $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        } else {
            logMessage -message "NFS service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        }

        # checking CIFS/SMB server is disabled
        logMessage -message "Checking if CIFS/SMB server is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        $cifsServer = Get-NcCifsServer
        if($cifsServer) {
            # Remove SMB/CIFS
            logMessage -message "Removing SMB/CIFS protocol on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
            $domainAdministratorUsername = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter Domain administrator username"
            $domainAdministratorPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter Domain administrator password" -AsSecureString
            $plainPassword = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($domainAdministratorPassword))
            Remove-NcCifsServer -VserverContext $DESTINATION_VSERVER -AdminUsername $domainAdministratorUsername -AdminPassword $plainPassword -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
            logMessage -message "SMB/CIFS protocol removed on vServer :  $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        } else {
            logMessage -message "CIFS/SMB server is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        }

        # checking iSCSI service is disabled
        logMessage -message "Checking if iSCSI service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        $iscsiService = Get-NcIscsiService
        if($iscsiService) {
            # Remove iSCSI
            logMessage -message "Removing iSCSI protocol on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
            Remove-NcIscsiService -VserverContext $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Confirm:$false
            logMessage -message "iSCSI protocol removed on vServer :  $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        } else {
            logMessage -message "iSCSI service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        }

        # checking FCP service is disabled
        logMessage -message "Checking if FCP service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        $fcpService = Get-NcFcpService
        if($fcpService) {
            # Remove FCP
            logMessage -message "Removing FC protocol on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
            Remove-NcFcpService -VserverContext $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Confirm:$false
            logMessage -message "FC protocol removed on vServer :  $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        } else {
            logMessage -message "FCP service is disabled on vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"
        }

    } catch {
        handleError -errorMessage $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

function disableSvmDataLifs {
    try {
        logMessage -message "Finding all data lifs on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        $dataLifs = Get-NcNetInterface -Vserver $DESTINATION_VSERVER | Where-Object { $_.Role -contains "data_core" }
        $dataLifs | Select-Object -Property InterfaceName, OpStatus, DataProtocols, Vserver, Address

        logMessage -message "Disabling all data lifs on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        # Disable the filtered data LIFs
        foreach ($lif in $dataLifs) {
            $disableLif = Set-NcNetInterface -Vserver $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Name $lif.InterfaceName -AdministrativeStatus down -ErrorAction Stop
            $disableLif | Select-Object -Property InterfaceName, OpStatus, DataProtocols, Vserver, Address
        }
        logMessage -message "Disabled all data lifs on vServer : $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"

    } catch {
        handleError -errorMessage $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

function configureMultiAdminApproval {
    try {

        # check if multi admin verification is enabled
        logMessage -message "Checking if multi-admin verification is enabled"
        $maaConfig = Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "set -privilege advanced; security multi-admin-verify show"
        if ($maaConfig.Value -match "Enabled" -and $maaConfig.Value -match "true") {
            $maaConfig
            logMessage -message "Multi-admin verification is configured and enabled" -type "SUCCESS"
        } else {
            logMessage -message "Setting Multi-admin verification rules"
            # Define the commands to be restricted
            $rules = @(
                "cluster peer delete",
                "vserver peer delete",
                "volume snapshot policy modify",
                "volume snapshot rename",
                "vserver audit modify",
                "vserver audit delete",
                "vserver audit disable"
            )
            foreach($rule in $rules) {
                Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "security multi-admin-verify rule create -operation `"$rule`""
            }

            logMessage -message "Creating multi admin verification group for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP, Group name : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME, Users : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_USERS, Email : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_EMAIL"
            Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "security multi-admin-verify approval-group create -name $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME -approvers $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_USERS -email `"$MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_EMAIL`""
            logMessage -message "Created multi admin verification group for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP, Group name : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME, Users : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_USERS, Email : $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_EMAIL" -type "SUCCESS"

            logMessage -message "Enabling multi admin verification group $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME"
            Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "security multi-admin-verify modify -approval-groups $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME -required-approvers 1 -enabled true"
            logMessage -message "Enabled multi admin verification group $MULTI_ADMIN_APPROVAL_GROUP_NAME" -type "SUCCESS"

            logMessage -message "Enabling multi admin verification for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP"
            Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "security multi-admin-verify modify -enabled true"
            logMessage -message "Successfully enabled multi admin verification for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP" -type "SUCCESS"

            logMessage -message "Enabling multi admin verification for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP"
            Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command "security multi-admin-verify modify -enabled true"
            logMessage -message "Successfully enabled multi admin verification for ONTAP Cluster $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP" -type "SUCCESS"
        }

    } catch {
        handleError -errorMessage $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

function additionalSecurityHardening {
    try {
        $command = "set -privilege advanced -confirmations off;security protocol modify -application telnet -enabled false;"
        logMessage -message "Disabling Telnet"
        Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command $command
        logMessage -message "Disabled Telnet" -type "SUCCESS"

        #$command = "set -privilege advanced -confirmations off;security config modify -interface SSL -is-fips-enabled true;"
        #logMessage -message "Enabling Global FIPS"
        ##Invoke-SSHCommand -SessionId $sshSession.SessionId -Command $command -ErrorAction Stop
        #logMessage -message "Enabled Global FIPS" -type "SUCCESS"

        $command = "set -privilege advanced -confirmations off;network interface service-policy modify-service -vserver cluster2 -policy default-management -service management-https -allowed-addresses $ALLOWED_IPS;"
        logMessage -message "Restricting IP addresses $ALLOWED_IPS for Cluster management HTTPS"
        Invoke-NcSsh -Name $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CLUSTER_MGMT_IP -Credential $DESTINATION_ONTAP_CREDS -Command $command
        logMessage -message "Successfully restricted IP addresses $ALLOWED_IPS for Cluster management HTTPS" -type "SUCCESS"

        #logMessage -message "Checking if audit logs volume audit_logs exists"
        #$volume = Get-NcVol -Vserver $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Name audit_logs -ErrorAction Stop

        #if($volume) {
        #    logMessage -message "Volume audit_logs already exists! Skipping creation"
        #} else {
        #    # Create audit logs volume
        #    logMessage -message "Creating audit logs volume : audit_logs"
        #    New-NcVol -Name audit_logs -Aggregate $DESTINATION_AGGREGATE_NAME -Size 5g -ErrorAction Stop | Select-Object -Property Name, State, TotalSize, Aggregate, Vserver
        #    logMessage -message "Volume audit_logs created successfully" -type "SUCCESS"
        #}

        ## Mount audit logs volume to path /vol/audit_logs
        #logMessage -message "Creating junction path for volume audit_logs at path /vol/audit_logs for vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER"
        #Mount-NcVol -VserverContext $DESTINATION_VSERVER -Name audit_logs -JunctionPath /audit_logs | Select-Object -Property Name, -JunctionPath
        #logMessage -message "Created junction path for volume audit_logs at path /vol/audit_logs for vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER" -type "SUCCESS"

        #logMessage -message "Enabling audit logging for vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER at path /vol/audit_logs"
        #$command = "set -privilege advanced -confirmations off;vserver audit create -vserver $DESTINATION_VSERVER -destination /audit_logs -format xml;"
        #Invoke-SSHCommand -SessionI  $sshSession.SessionId -Command $command -ErrorAction Stop
        #logMessage -message "Successfully enabled audit logging for vServer $DESTINATION_VSERVER at path /vol/audit_logs"

    } catch {
        handleError -errorMessage $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

使用 PowerShell 强化ONTAP Cyber Vault

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强化最佳实践

手动步骤

ONTAP CLI 或通过自动化脚本