ONTAP多管理员验证概述
从ONTAP 9.11.1开始、您可以使用多管理员验证(MAV)来确保只有在指定管理员批准后才能执行某些操作、例如删除卷或Snapshot副本。这样可以防止受到影响的管理员、恶意管理员或经验不足的管理员进行不希望的更改或删除数据。
配置多管理员验证包括:
初始配置后、这些元素只能由MAV批准组中的管理员(MAV管理员)进行修改。
启用多管理员验证后、完成每个受保护操作需要执行以下步骤:
-
当用户启动操作时、将显示 "已生成请求。"
-
在执行操作之前、至少需要一个"MAV管理员必须批准。"
-
获得批准后、系统将提示用户完成操作。
如果您需要在未经MAV管理员批准的情况下禁用多管理员验证功能、请联系NetApp支持部门并提及以下知识库文章: "如何在MAV管理不可用时禁用多管理员验证"。 |
多管理员验证不适用于涉及大量自动化的卷或工作流、因为每个自动化任务都需要获得批准才能完成操作。如果要同时使用自动化和MAV、建议您对特定MAV操作使用查询。例如、您只能将MAV规则应用 `volume delete`于不涉及自动化的卷、并且可以使用特定的命名方案来指定这些卷。
多管理员验证不适用于Cloud Volumes ONTAP。 |
多管理员验证的工作原理
多管理员验证包括:
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由一个或多个具有批准和否决权限的管理员组成的组。
-
规则表_中的一组受保护操作或命令。
-
一个_rules enginer_、用于识别和控制受保护操作的执行。
MAV规则会根据基于角色的访问控制(Role-Based Access Control、RBAC)规则进行评估。因此、执行或批准受保护操作的管理员必须已拥有这些操作的最低RBAC特权。 "了解有关RBAC的更多信息"。
系统定义的规则
启用多管理员验证后、系统定义的规则(也称为_Guard导轨规则)将建立一组MAV操作、以控制绕过MAV进程本身的风险。无法从规则表中删除这些操作。启用MAV后、使用星号(*)指定的操作在执行前需要一个或多个管理员的批准、但*显示*命令除外。
-
security multi-admin-verify modify
操作*
控制多管理员验证功能的配置。
-
security multi-admin-verify approval-group
operations*
使用多管理员验证凭据控制管理员组中的成员资格。
-
security multi-admin-verify rule
operations*
控制需要多管理员验证的一组命令。
-
security multi-admin-verify request
operations控制审批流程。
受规则保护的命令
默认情况下、除了系统定义的操作之外、启用多管理员验证时、以下命令也会受到保护、但您可以修改规则以删除对这些命令的保护。
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security login password
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security login unlock
-
set
每个ONTAP版本都提供了更多命令、您可以选择使用多管理员验证规则进行保护。请选择您的ONTAP版本以查看可用于保护的完整命令列表。
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cluster date modify
3 -
cluster log-forwarding create
3 -
cluster log-forwarding delete
3 -
cluster log-forwarding modify
3 -
cluster peer delete
-
cluster time-service ntp server create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key modify
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server modify
3 -
event config modify
-
lun delete
3 -
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security audit modify
3 -
security ipsec config modify
3 -
security ipsec policy create
3 -
security ipsec policy delete
3 -
security ipsec policy modify
3 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
security key-manager onboard update-passphrase
3 -
security saml-sp create
3 -
security saml-sp delete
3 -
security saml-sp modify
3 -
snaplock legal-hold end
3 -
storage aggregate delete
3 -
storage aggregate offline
4 -
storage encryption disk destroy
3 -
storage encryption disk modify
3 -
storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state
3 -
storage encryption disk sanitize
3 -
system bridge run-cli
3 -
system controller flash-cache secure-erase run
3 -
system controller service-event delete
3 -
system health alert delete
3 -
system health alert modify
3 -
system health policy definition modify
3 -
system node autosupport modify
3 -
system node autosupport trigger modify
3 -
system node coredump delete
3 -
system node coredump delete-all
3 -
system node hardware nvram-encryption modify
3 -
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
system script delete
3 -
system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses
3 -
system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses
3 -
system smtape restore
3 -
system switch ethernet log disable-collection
3 -
system switch ethernet log modify
3 -
timezone
3 -
volume create
3 -
volume delete
-
volume encryption conversion start
4 -
volume encryption rekey start
4 -
volume file privileged-delete
3 -
volume flexcache delete
-
volume modify
3 -
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot create
3 -
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot modify
3 -
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
-
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot rename
3 -
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver audit create
3 -
vserver audit delete
3 -
vserver audit disable
3 -
vserver audit modify
3 -
vserver audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver create
2 -
vserver consistency-group create
4 -
vserver consistency-group delete
4 -
vserver consistency-group modify
4 -
vserver consistency-group snapshot create
4 -
vserver consistency-group snapshot delete
4 -
vserver delete
3 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver object-store-server audit create
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit delete
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit disable
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit modify
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver options
3 -
vserver peer delete
-
vserver security file-directory apply
3 -
vserver security file-directory remove-slag
3 -
vserver stop
4 -
vserver vscan disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy create
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy delete
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy modify
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool create
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool delete
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool modify
3
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cluster date modify
3 -
cluster log-forwarding create
3 -
cluster log-forwarding delete
3 -
cluster log-forwarding modify
3 -
cluster peer delete
-
cluster time-service ntp server create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key modify
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server modify
3 -
event config modify
-
lun delete
3 -
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security audit modify
3 -
security ipsec config modify
3 -
security ipsec policy create
3 -
security ipsec policy delete
3 -
security ipsec policy modify
3 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
security key-manager onboard update-passphrase
3 -
security saml-sp create
3 -
security saml-sp delete
3 -
security saml-sp modify
3 -
snaplock legal-hold end
3 -
storage aggregate delete
3 -
storage encryption disk destroy
3 -
storage encryption disk modify
3 -
storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state
3 -
storage encryption disk sanitize
3 -
system bridge run-cli
3 -
system controller flash-cache secure-erase run
3 -
system controller service-event delete
3 -
system health alert delete
3 -
system health alert modify
3 -
system health policy definition modify
3 -
system node autosupport modify
3 -
system node autosupport trigger modify
3 -
system node coredump delete
3 -
system node coredump delete-all
3 -
system node hardware nvram-encryption modify
3 -
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
system script delete
3 -
system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses
3 -
system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses
3 -
system smtape restore
3 -
system switch ethernet log disable-collection
3 -
system switch ethernet log modify
3 -
timezone
3 -
volume create
3 -
volume delete
-
volume file privileged-delete
3 -
volume flexcache delete
-
volume modify
3 -
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot create
3 -
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot modify
3 -
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
-
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot rename
3 -
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver audit create
3 -
vserver audit delete
3 -
vserver audit disable
3 -
vserver audit modify
3 -
vserver audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver create
2 -
vserver delete
3 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver object-store-server audit create
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit delete
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit disable
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit modify
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver options
3 -
vserver peer delete
-
vserver security file-directory apply
3 -
vserver security file-directory remove-slag
3 -
vserver vscan disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy create
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy delete
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy modify
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool create
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool delete
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool modify
3
-
cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver create
2 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver peer delete
-
cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver peer delete
-
cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver peer delete
-
9.13.1.新增了受规则保护的命令
-
为9.14.1新增了受规则保护的命令
-
为9.15.1.新增了受规则保护的命令
-
为9.16.1.新增了受规则保护的命令
*此命令仅适用于命令行界面、在某些版本中不适用于System Manager。
多管理员批准的工作原理
每当在受MAV保护的集群上输入受保护操作时、系统都会向指定的MAV管理员组发送操作执行请求。
您可以配置:
-
MAV组中的管理员姓名、联系信息和数量。
MAV管理员应具有具有集群管理员权限的RBAC角色。
-
MAV管理员组的数量。
-
每个受保护操作规则都会分配一个MAV组。
-
对于多个MAV组、您可以配置哪个MAV组批准给定规则。
-
-
执行受保护操作所需的MAV批准数量。
-
MAV管理员必须对批准请求做出响应的_Approval到期期限。
-
一个_执行到期_期限、在此期限内、发出请求的管理员必须完成此操作。
配置这些参数后、需要获得MAV批准才能对其进行修改。
MAV管理员不能批准自己执行受保护操作的请求。因此:
-
不应在仅包含一个管理员的集群上启用MAV。
-
如果MAV组中只有一个人、则该MAV管理员无法启动受保护的操作;常规管理员必须启动受保护的操作、而MAV管理员只能批准。
-
如果您希望MAV管理员能够执行受保护的操作、则MAV管理员的数量必须大于所需批准的数量。 例如、如果受保护操作需要两个批准、并且您希望MAV管理员执行这些批准、则MAV管理员组中必须有三个人。
MAV管理员可以通过电子邮件警报(使用EMS)接收批准请求、也可以查询请求队列。 收到请求后、他们可以采取以下三种操作之一:
-
批准
-
拒绝(否决)
-
忽略(无操作)
在以下情况下、系统会向与MAV规则关联的所有审批者发送电子邮件通知:
-
已创建请求。
-
请求已获得批准或被否决。
-
已执行批准的请求。
如果请求者属于该操作的同一批准组、则在其请求获得批准后、他们将收到一封电子邮件。
即使请求者位于批准组中、也无法批准自己的请求(尽管他们可以收到自己请求的电子邮件通知)。不属于批准组的请求者(即不是MAV管理员)不会收到电子邮件通知。 |
受保护操作执行的工作原理
如果已批准对受保护操作执行、则在出现提示时、发出请求的用户将继续执行该操作。如果操作被否决、则发出请求的用户必须先删除此请求、然后才能继续操作。
MAV规则会在获得RBAC权限后进行评估。因此、如果用户没有足够的RBAC权限来执行操作、则无法启动MAV请求过程。