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本繁體中文版使用機器翻譯，譯文僅供參考，若與英文版本牴觸，應以英文版本為準。

使用OpenSSL驗證磁碟.RAW檔案和摘要檔案內容

貢獻者
PDF

您可以根據可透過取得的摘要檔案內容、驗證Google Cloud下載的disk.RAW檔案 "NSS" 使用OpenSSL。

註 用於驗證映像的OpenSSL命令與Linux、Mac OS和Windows機器相容。
步驟

  1. 使用OpenSSL驗證憑證。

    按一下以顯示 
    # Step 1 - Optional, but recommended: Verify the certificate using OpenSSL

# Step 1.1 - Copy the Certificate and certificate chain to a directory
$ openssl version
LibreSSL 3.3.6
$ ls -l
total 48
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  8537 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  2365 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem

# Step 1.2 - Get the OSCP URL
$ oscp_url=$(openssl x509 -noout -ocsp_uri -in <Certificate-Chain.pem>)
$ oscp_url=$(openssl x509 -noout -ocsp_uri -in Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem)
$ echo $oscp_url
http://ocsp.entrust.net

# Step 1.3 - Generate an OCSP request for the certificate
$ openssl ocsp -issuer <Certificate-Chain.pem> -CAfile <Certificate-Chain.pem> -cert <Certificate.pem> -reqout <request.der>
$ openssl ocsp -issuer Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -CAfile Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -cert Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -reqout req.der

# Step 1.4 - Optional: Check the new file "req.der" has been generated
$ ls -l
total 56
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  8537 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  2365 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 example-user  engr   120 Jan 19 16:50 req.der

# Step 1.5 - Connect to the OCSP Manager using openssl to send the OCSP request
$ openssl ocsp -issuer <Certificate-Chain.pem> -CAfile <Certificate-Chain.pem> -cert <Certificate.pem> -url ${ocsp_url} -resp_text -respout <response.der>
$ openssl ocsp -issuer Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -CAfile Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -cert Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem  -url ${ocsp_url} -resp_text -respout resp.der
OCSP Response Data:
    OCSP Response Status: successful (0x0)
    Response Type: Basic OCSP Response
    Version: 1 (0x0)
    Responder Id: C = US, O = "Entrust, Inc.", CN = Entrust Extended Validation Code Signing CA - EVCS2
    Produced At: Jan 19 15:14:00 2023 GMT
    Responses:
    Certificate ID:
      Hash Algorithm: sha1
      Issuer Name Hash: 69FA640329AB84E27220FE0927647B8194B91F2A
      Issuer Key Hash: CE894F8251AA15A28462CA312361D261FBF8FE78
      Serial Number: 5994B3D01D26D594BD1D0FA7098C6FF5
    Cert Status: good
    This Update: Jan 19 15:00:00 2023 GMT
    Next Update: Jan 26 14:59:59 2023 GMT

    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
         0b:b6:61:e4:03:5f:98:6f:10:1c:9a:f7:5f:6f:c7:e3:f4:72:
         f2:30:f4:86:88:9a:b9:ba:1e:d6:f6:47:af:dc:ea:e4:cd:31:
         af:e3:7a:20:35:9e:60:db:28:9c:7f:2e:17:7b:a5:11:40:4f:
         1e:72:f7:f8:ef:e3:23:43:1b:bb:28:1a:6f:c6:9c:c5:0c:14:
         d3:5d:bd:9b:6b:28:fb:94:5e:8a:ef:40:20:72:a4:41:df:55:
         cf:f3:db:1b:39:e0:30:63:c9:c7:1f:38:7e:7f:ec:f4:25:7b:
         1e:95:4c:70:6c:83:17:c3:db:b2:47:e1:38:53:ee:0a:55:c0:
         15:6a:82:20:b2:ea:59:eb:9c:ea:7e:97:aa:50:d7:bc:28:60:
         8c:d4:21:92:1c:13:19:b4:e0:66:cb:59:ed:2e:f8:dc:7b:49:
         e3:40:f2:b6:dc:d7:2d:2e:dd:21:82:07:bb:3a:55:99:f7:59:
         5d:4a:4d:ca:e7:8f:1c:d3:9a:3f:17:7b:7a:c4:57:b2:57:a8:
         b4:c0:a5:02:bd:59:9c:50:32:ff:16:b1:65:3a:9c:8c:70:3b:
         9e:be:bc:4f:f9:86:97:b1:62:3c:b2:a9:46:08:be:6b:1b:3c:
         24:14:59:28:c6:ae:e8:d5:64:b2:f8:cc:28:24:5c:b2:c8:d8:
         5a:af:9d:55:48:96:f6:3e:c6:bf:a6:0c:a4:c0:ab:d6:57:03:
         2b:72:43:b0:6a:9f:52:ef:43:bb:14:6a:ce:66:cc:6c:4e:66:
         17:20:a3:64:e0:c6:d1:82:0a:d7:41:8a:cc:17:fd:21:b5:c6:
         d2:3a:af:55:2e:2a:b8:c7:21:41:69:e1:44:ab:a1:dd:df:6d:
         15:99:90:cc:a0:74:1e:e5:2e:07:3f:50:e6:72:a6:b9:ae:fc:
         44:15:eb:81:3d:1a:f8:17:b6:0b:ff:05:76:9d:30:06:40:72:
         cf:d5:c4:6f:8b:c9:14:76:09:6b:3d:6a:70:2c:5a:c4:51:92:
         e5:cd:84:b6:f9:d9:d5:bc:8d:72:b7:7c:13:9c:41:89:a8:97:
         6f:4a:11:5f:8f:b6:c9:b5:df:00:7e:97:20:e7:29:2e:2b:12:
         77:dc:e2:63:48:87:42:49:1d:fc:d0:94:a8:8d:18:f9:07:85:
         e4:d0:3e:9a:4a:d7:d5:d0:02:51:c3:51:1c:73:12:96:2d:75:
         22:83:a6:70:5a:4a:2b:f2:98:d9:ae:1b:57:53:3d:3b:58:82:
         38:fc:fa:cb:57:43:3f:3e:7e:e0:6d:5b:d6:fc:67:7e:07:7e:
         fb:a3:76:43:26:8f:d1:42:d6:a6:33:4e:9e:e0:a0:51:b4:c4:
         bc:e3:10:0d:bf:23:6c:4b
WARNING: no nonce in response
Response Verify OK
Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem: good
    This Update: Jan 19 15:00:00 2023 GMT
    Next Update: Jan 26 14:59:59 2023 GMT

# Step 1.5 - Optional: Check the response file "response.der" has been generated. Verify its contents.
$ ls -l
total 64
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  8537 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  engr  2365 Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 example-user  engr   120 Jan 19 16:50 req.der
-rw-r--r--  1 example-user  engr   806 Jan 19 16:51 resp.der

# Step 1.6 - Verify the chain of trust and expiration dates against the local host
$ openssl version -d
OPENSSLDIR: "/private/etc/ssl"
$ OPENSSLDIR=$(openssl version -d | cut -d '"' -f2)
$ echo $OPENSSLDIR
/private/etc/ssl

$ openssl verify -untrusted <Certificate-Chain.pem> -CApath <OpenSSL dir> <Certificate.pem>
$ openssl verify -untrusted Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem -CApath ${OPENSSLDIR} Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem: OK

  2. 將下載的disk.原始 檔案、簽名及憑證放在目錄中。

  3. 使用OpenSSL從憑證擷取公開金鑰。

  4. 使用擷取的公開金鑰解密簽名、並驗證下載的disk.原始 檔案內容。

    按一下以顯示 
    # Step 1 - Place the downloaded disk.raw, the signature and the certificates in a directory
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 GCP_CVO_20230119-XXXXXX_digest.sig
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 16:39 disk.raw

# Step 2 - Extract the public key from the certificate
$ openssl x509 -pubkey -noout -in (certificate.pem) > (public_key.pem)
$ openssl x509 -pubkey -noout -in Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem > CVO-GCP-pubkey.pem

$ ls -l
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-Chain-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 Certificate-GCP-CVO-20230119-0XXXXX.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 17:02 CVO-GCP-pubkey.pem
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 15:42 GCP_CVO_20230119-XXXXXX_digest.sig
-rw-r--r--@ 1 example-user  staff  Jan 19 16:39 disk.raw

# Step 3 - Decrypt the signature using the extracted public key and verify the contents of the downloaded disk.raw
$ openssl dgst -verify (public_key) -keyform PEM -sha256 -signature (signed digest) -binary (downloaded or obtained disk.raw)
$ openssl dgst -verify CVO-GCP-pubkey.pem -keyform PEM -sha256 -signature GCP_CVO_20230119-XXXXXX_digest.sig -binary disk.raw
Verified OK

# A failed response would look like this
$ openssl dgst -verify CVO-GCP-pubkey.pem -keyform PEM -sha256 -signature GCP_CVO_20230119-XXXXXX_digest.sig -binary ../sample_file.txt
Verification Failure