ONTAP 多管理驗證總覽
從版本號《支援》9.11.1開始ONTAP 、您可以使用多管理員驗證(MAV)來確保特定作業(例如刪除磁碟區或Snapshot複本)只能在指定管理員核准後執行。如此可防止遭到入侵、惡意或缺乏經驗的系統管理員進行不必要的變更或刪除資料。
設定多管理員驗證包括:
初始設定之後、這些元素只能由MAV核准群組(MAV系統管理員)中的系統管理員修改。
啟用多重管理驗證時、完成每項受保護的作業都需要下列步驟:
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當使用者啟動作業時 "已產生要求。"
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在執行作業之前,請至少先執行一個"MAV管理員必須核准。"
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核准後,系統會提示使用者並完成作業。
如果您需要在未經MAV管理員核准的情況下停用多管理員驗證功能、請聯絡NetApp支援部門、並提及下列知識庫文章: "如何在無法使用MAV管理時停用多管理員驗證"。 |
多管理員驗證不適用於涉及大量自動化的磁碟區或工作流程、因為每項自動化工作都需要核准才能完成作業。如果您想要同時使用自動化和 MAV ,建議您針對特定的 MAV 作業使用查詢。例如,您只能將 MAV 規則套用 `volume delete`至不涉及自動化的磁碟區,而且可以使用特定的命名方案來指定這些磁碟區。
Cloud Volumes ONTAP 無法使用多重管理驗證。 |
多管理員驗證的運作方式
多管理員驗證包括:
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一或多位系統管理員的群組、擁有核准和否決的權限。
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_規則表_中的一組受保護作業或命令。
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_規則engine _以識別及控制受保護作業的執行。
根據角色型存取控制(RBAC)規則、評估MAV規則。因此、執行或核准受保護作業的系統管理員必須已擁有這些作業的最低RBAC權限。 "深入瞭解RBAC"。
系統定義的規則
啟用多管理員驗證時、系統定義的規則(也稱為_guard rail _規則)會建立一組MAV作業、以控制規避MAV程序本身的風險。這些作業無法從規則表格中移除。啟用MAV之後、以星號()指定的作業在執行之前、必須先經過一或多位管理員的核准、 show*命令除外。
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security multi-admin-verify modify
營運*
控制多管理員驗證功能的組態。
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security multi-admin-verify approval-group
營運*
以多管理員驗證認證身分證明來控制系統管理員群組的成員資格。
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security multi-admin-verify rule
營運*
控制需要多管理員驗證的命令集。
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security multi-admin-verify request
營運控制核准程序。
受規則保護的命令
除了系統定義的作業之外、當啟用多重管理驗證時、下列命令預設會受到保護、但您可以修改規則、以移除這些命令的保護。
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security login password
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security login unlock
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set
每個 ONTAP 版本都提供更多命令、讓您可以選擇使用多重管理驗證規則來保護這些命令。請選擇您的 ONTAP 版本、以取得可保護的命令完整清單。
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cluster date modify
3 -
cluster log-forwarding create
3 -
cluster log-forwarding delete
3 -
cluster log-forwarding modify
3 -
cluster peer delete
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cluster time-service ntp server create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key modify
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server modify
3 -
event config modify
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lun delete
3 -
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security audit modify
3 -
security ipsec config modify
3 -
security ipsec policy create
3 -
security ipsec policy delete
3 -
security ipsec policy modify
3 -
security login create
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security login delete
-
security login modify
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security key-manager onboard update-passphrase
3 -
security saml-sp create
3 -
security saml-sp delete
3 -
security saml-sp modify
3 -
snaplock legal-hold end
3 -
storage aggregate delete
3 -
storage aggregate offline
4 -
storage encryption disk destroy
3 -
storage encryption disk modify
3 -
storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state
3 -
storage encryption disk sanitize
3 -
system bridge run-cli
3 -
system controller flash-cache secure-erase run
3 -
system controller service-event delete
3 -
system health alert delete
3 -
system health alert modify
3 -
system health policy definition modify
3 -
system node autosupport modify
3 -
system node autosupport trigger modify
3 -
system node coredump delete
3 -
system node coredump delete-all
3 -
system node hardware nvram-encryption modify
3 -
system node run
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system node systemshell
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system script delete
3 -
system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses
3 -
system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses
3 -
system smtape restore
3 -
system switch ethernet log disable-collection
3 -
system switch ethernet log modify
3 -
timezone
3 -
volume create
3 -
volume delete
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volume encryption conversion start
4 -
volume encryption rekey start
4 -
volume file privileged-delete
3 -
volume flexcache delete
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volume modify
3 -
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
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volume snapshot create
3 -
volume snapshot delete
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volume snapshot modify
3 -
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
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volume snapshot policy create
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volume snapshot policy delete
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volume snapshot policy modify
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volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
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volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
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volume snapshot rename
3 -
volume snapshot restore
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vserver audit create
3 -
vserver audit delete
3 -
vserver audit disable
3 -
vserver audit modify
3 -
vserver audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver create
2 -
vserver consistency-group create
4 -
vserver consistency-group delete
4 -
vserver consistency-group modify
4 -
vserver consistency-group snapshot create
4 -
vserver consistency-group snapshot delete
4 -
vserver delete
3 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver object-store-server audit create
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit delete
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit disable
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit modify
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver options
3 -
vserver peer delete
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vserver security file-directory apply
3 -
vserver security file-directory remove-slag
3 -
vserver stop
4 -
vserver vscan disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy create
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy delete
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy modify
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool create
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool delete
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool modify
3
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cluster date modify
3 -
cluster log-forwarding create
3 -
cluster log-forwarding delete
3 -
cluster log-forwarding modify
3 -
cluster peer delete
-
cluster time-service ntp server create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key create
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key delete
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server key modify
3 -
cluster time-service ntp server modify
3 -
event config modify
-
lun delete
3 -
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security audit modify
3 -
security ipsec config modify
3 -
security ipsec policy create
3 -
security ipsec policy delete
3 -
security ipsec policy modify
3 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
security key-manager onboard update-passphrase
3 -
security saml-sp create
3 -
security saml-sp delete
3 -
security saml-sp modify
3 -
snaplock legal-hold end
3 -
storage aggregate delete
3 -
storage encryption disk destroy
3 -
storage encryption disk modify
3 -
storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state
3 -
storage encryption disk sanitize
3 -
system bridge run-cli
3 -
system controller flash-cache secure-erase run
3 -
system controller service-event delete
3 -
system health alert delete
3 -
system health alert modify
3 -
system health policy definition modify
3 -
system node autosupport modify
3 -
system node autosupport trigger modify
3 -
system node coredump delete
3 -
system node coredump delete-all
3 -
system node hardware nvram-encryption modify
3 -
system node run
-
system node systemshell
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system script delete
3 -
system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses
3 -
system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses
3 -
system smtape restore
3 -
system switch ethernet log disable-collection
3 -
system switch ethernet log modify
3 -
timezone
3 -
volume create
3 -
volume delete
-
volume file privileged-delete
3 -
volume flexcache delete
-
volume modify
3 -
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot create
3 -
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot modify
3 -
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
-
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot rename
3 -
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver audit create
3 -
vserver audit delete
3 -
vserver audit disable
3 -
vserver audit modify
3 -
vserver audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver create
2 -
vserver delete
3 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver object-store-server audit create
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit delete
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit disable
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit modify
3 -
vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log
3 -
vserver options
3 -
vserver peer delete
-
vserver security file-directory apply
3 -
vserver security file-directory remove-slag
3 -
vserver vscan disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy create
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy delete
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy disable
3 -
vserver vscan on-access-policy modify
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool create
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool delete
3 -
vserver vscan scanner-pool modify
3
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cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify
2 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify
2 -
security login create
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security login delete
-
security login modify
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system node run
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system node systemshell
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volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume recovery-queue modify
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge
2 -
volume recovery-queue purge-all
2 -
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver create
2 -
vserver modify
2 -
vserver peer delete
-
cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume disable
1 -
security anti-ransomware volume pause
1 -
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume snaplock modify
1 -
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver peer delete
-
cluster peer delete
-
event config modify
-
security login create
-
security login delete
-
security login modify
-
system node run
-
system node systemshell
-
volume delete
-
volume flexcache delete
-
volume snapshot autodelete modify
-
volume snapshot delete
-
volume snapshot policy add-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy create
-
volume snapshot policy delete
* -
volume snapshot policy modify
-
volume snapshot policy modify-schedule
-
volume snapshot policy remove-schedule
-
volume snapshot restore
-
vserver peer delete
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9.13.1 全新的規則保護命令
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適用於 9.14.1 的全新規則保護命令
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9.15.1 的新規則保護命令
-
9.16.1 的新規則保護命令
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此命令僅適用於 CLI ,在某些版本中不適用於 System Manager 。
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多管理員核准的運作方式
只要在受MAV保護的叢集上輸入受保護的作業、就會將作業執行要求傳送至指定的MAV系統管理員群組。
您可以設定:
-
MAV群組中的系統管理員名稱、聯絡資訊和數量。
MAV管理員應具備具備叢集管理員權限的RBAC角色。
-
MAV系統管理員群組的數目。
-
每個受保護的作業規則都會指派一個MAV群組。
-
對於多個MAV群組、您可以設定哪個MAV群組核准特定規則。
-
-
執行受保護作業所需的MAV核准數。
-
MAV管理員必須在_核准到期_期間內回應核准要求。
-
執行過期_期間、要求的系統管理員必須在此期間內完成作業。
設定這些參數後、必須取得MAV核准才能加以修改。
MAV系統管理員無法核准自己執行受保護作業的要求。因此:
-
不應在只有一位系統管理員的叢集上啟用MAV。
-
如果 MAV 群組中只有一個人、則 MAV 管理員無法啟動受保護的作業;一般管理員必須啟動受保護的作業、且 MAV 管理員只能核准。
-
如果您想讓MAV管理員能夠執行受保護的作業、則MAV管理員人數必須大於所需的核准人數。 例如、如果受保護的作業需要兩次核准、而您希望MAV系統管理員執行這些核准、則MAV系統管理員群組中必須有三位人員。
MAV系統管理員可以接收電子郵件警示中的核准要求(使用EMS)、也可以查詢要求佇列。 當他們收到要求時、可以採取下列三種行動之一:
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核准
-
拒絕(否決)
-
忽略(無行動)
在下列情況下、電子郵件通知會傳送給與MAV規則相關的所有核准者:
-
隨即建立要求。
-
申請已核准或遭否決。
-
系統會執行核准的申請。
如果申請者在該作業的同一個核准群組中、他們會在申請獲得核准時收到一封電子郵件。
申請者即使在核准群組中,也無法核准自己的申請(雖然他們可以針對自己的申請取得電子郵件通知)。不在核准群組中的申請者(即非MAV系統管理員)不會收到電子郵件通知。 |
受保護的作業執行方式
如果已核准執行受保護的作業、則要求的使用者會在收到提示時繼續執行該作業。如果作業遭否決、申請使用者必須先刪除申請、然後再繼續。
MAV規則會在RBAC權限之後評估。因此、沒有足夠RBAC權限執行作業的使用者無法啟動MAV要求程序。