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ONTAP SAN Host Utilities

Configure Rocky Linux 9.4 with NVMe-oF for ONTAP storage

Contributors netapp-pcarriga
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Rocky Linux 9.4 hosts support the NVMe/FC and NVMe/TCP protocols with Asymmetric Namespace Access (ANA). ANA is equivalent to asymmetric logical unit access (ALUA) multipathing in iSCSI and FCP environments and is implemented using the in-kernel NVMe multipath feature.

For additional details on supported configurations, see the Interoperability Matrix Tool.

About this task

You can use the following support and features with the NVMe-oF host configuration for Rocky Linux 9.4. You should also review the known limitations before starting the configuration process.

  • Support available:

    • Support for NVMe over TCP (NVMe/TCP) in addition to NVMe over Fibre Channel (NVMe/FC). The NetApp plug-in in the native nvme-cli package displays ONTAP details for both NVMe/FC and NVMe/TCP namespaces.

    • Running NVMe and SCSI traffic on the same host. For example, you can configure dm-multipath for SCSI mpath devices on SCSI LUNs and use NVMe multipath to configure NVMe-oF namespace devices on the host.

  • Features available:

    • Rocky Linux 9.4 enables in-kernel NVMe multipath for NVMe namespaces by default, removing the need for explicit settings.

  • Known limitations:

    • There are no known limitations.

Step 1: Optionally, enable SAN booting

You can configure your host to use SAN booting to simplify deployment and improve scalability.

Before you begin

Use the Interoperability Matrix Tool to verify that your Linux OS, host bus adapter (HBA), HBA firmware, HBA boot BIOS, and ONTAP version support SAN booting.

Steps

  1. Create a SAN boot namespace and map it to the host.

  2. Enable SAN booting in the server BIOS for the ports to which the SAN boot namespace is mapped.

    For information on how to enable the HBA BIOS, see your vendor-specific documentation.

  3. Verify that the configuration was successful by rebooting the host and verifying that the OS is up and running.

Step 2: Validate software versions

Use the following procedure to validate the minimum supported Rocky Linux 9.4 software versions.

Steps

  1. Install Rocky Linux 9.4 on the server. After the installation is complete, verify that you are running the specified Rocky Linux 9.4 kernel:

    uname -r

    The following example shows a Rocky Linux kernel version:

    5.14.0-570.12.1.el9_6.x86_64

  2. Install the nvme-cli package:

    rpm -qa|grep nvme-cli

    The following example shows an nvme-cli package version:

    nvme-cli-2.11-5.el9.x86_64

  3. Install the libnvme package:

    rpm -qa|grep libnvme

    The following example shows an libnvme package version:

    libnvme-1.11.1-1.el9.x86_64

  4. On the Rocky Linux host, check the hostnqn string at /etc/nvme/hostnqn:

    cat /etc/nvme/hostnqn

    The following example shows an hostnqn version:

    nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0056-5410-8048-b9c04f425633

  5. Verify that the hostnqn string matches the hostnqn string for the corresponding subsystem on the ONTAP array:

    ::> vserver nvme subsystem host show -vserver vs_coexistence_LPE36002
    Show example 
    Vserver Subsystem Priority  Host NQN
------- --------- --------  ------------------------------------------------
vs_coexistence_LPE36002
        nvme
                  regular   nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0056-5410-8048-b9c04f425633
        nvme_1
                  regular   nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0056-5410-8048-b9c04f425633
        nvme_2
                  regular   nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0056-5410-8048-b9c04f425633
        nvme_3
                  regular   nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0056-5410-8048-b9c04f425633
4 entries were displayed.
    Note If the hostnqn strings do not match, use the vserver modify command to update the hostnqn string on your corresponding ONTAP array subsystem to match the hostnqn string from /etc/nvme/hostnqn on the host.

Step 3: Configure NVMe/FC

You can configure NVMe/FC with Broadcom/Emulex FC or Marvell/Qlogic FC adapters. You also need to manually discover the NVMe/TCP subsystems and namespaces.

Broadcom/Emulex

Configure NVMe/FC for a Broadcom/Emulex adapter.

Steps

  1. Verify that you are using the supported adapter model:

    1. Display the model names:

      cat /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/modelname

      You should see the following output:

      LPe36002-M64
LPe36002-M64

    2. Display the model descriptions:

      cat /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/modeldesc

      You should see an output similar to the following example:

      Emulex LightPulse LPe36002-M64 2-Port 64Gb Fibre Channel Adapter
Emulex LightPulse LPe36002-M64 2-Port 64Gb Fibre Channel Adapter

  2. Verify that you are using the recommended Broadcom lpfc firmware and inbox driver:

    1. Display the firmware version:

      cat /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/fwrev

      The following example shows firmware versions:

      14.4.317.10, sli-4:6:d
14.4.317.10, sli-4:6:d

    2. Display the inbox driver version:

      cat /sys/module/lpfc/version`

      The following example shows a driver version:

      0:14.4.0.2

    For the current list of supported adapter driver and firmware versions, see the Interoperability Matrix Tool.

  3. Verify that the expected output of lpfc_enable_fc4_type is set to 3:

    cat /sys/module/lpfc/parameters/lpfc_enable_fc4_type

  4. Verify that you can view your initiator ports:

    cat /sys/class/fc_host/host*/port_name

    The following example shows port identities:

    0x100000109bf044b1
0x100000109bf044b2

  5. Verify that your initiator ports are online:

    cat /sys/class/fc_host/host*/port_state

    You should see the following output:

    Online
Online

  6. Verify that the NVMe/FC initiator ports are enabled and that the target ports are visible:

    cat /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/nvme_info
    Show example 
    NVME Initiator Enabled
XRI Dist lpfc2 Total 6144 IO 5894 ELS 250
NVME LPORT lpfc2 WWPN x100000109bf044b1 WWNN x200000109bf044b1 DID x022a00 ONLINE
NVME RPORT       WWPN x202fd039eaa7dfc8 WWNN x202cd039eaa7dfc8 DID x021310 TARGET DISCSRVC ONLINE
NVME RPORT       WWPN x202dd039eaa7dfc8 WWNN x202cd039eaa7dfc8 DID x020b10 TARGET DISCSRVC ONLINE

NVME Statistics
LS: Xmt 0000000810 Cmpl 0000000810 Abort 00000000
LS XMIT: Err 00000000  CMPL: xb 00000000 Err 00000000
Total FCP Cmpl 000000007b098f07 Issue 000000007aee27c4 OutIO ffffffffffe498bd
        abort 000013b4 noxri 00000000 nondlp 00000058 qdepth 00000000 wqerr 00000000 err 00000000
FCP CMPL: xb 000013b4 Err 00021443

NVME Initiator Enabled
XRI Dist lpfc3 Total 6144 IO 5894 ELS 250
NVME LPORT lpfc3 WWPN x100000109bf044b2 WWNN x200000109bf044b2 DID x021b00 ONLINE
NVME RPORT       WWPN x2033d039eaa7dfc8 WWNN x202cd039eaa7dfc8 DID x020110 TARGET DISCSRVC ONLINE
NVME RPORT       WWPN x2032d039eaa7dfc8 WWNN x202cd039eaa7dfc8 DID x022910 TARGET DISCSRVC ONLINE

NVME Statistics
LS: Xmt 0000000840 Cmpl 0000000840 Abort 00000000
LS XMIT: Err 00000000  CMPL: xb 00000000 Err 00000000
Total FCP Cmpl 000000007afd4434 Issue 000000007ae31b83 OutIO ffffffffffe5d74f
        abort 000014a5 noxri 00000000 nondlp 0000006a qdepth 00000000 wqerr 00000000 err 00000000
FCP CMPL: xb 000014a5 Err 0002149a
Marvell/QLogic

Configure NVMe/FC for a Marvell/QLogic adapter.

Note The native inbox qla2xxx driver included in the Rocky Linux kernel has the latest fixes. These fixes are essential for ONTAP support.
Steps

  1. Verify that you are running the supported adapter driver and firmware versions:

    cat /sys/class/fc_host/host*/symbolic_name

    The follow example shows driver and firmware versions:

    QLE2742 FW:v9.14.00 DVR:v10.02.09.200-k
QLE2742 FW:v9.14.00 DVR:v10.02.09.200-k

  2. Verify that ql2xnvmeenable is set. This enables the Marvell adapter to function as an NVMe/FC initiator:

    cat /sys/module/qla2xxx/parameters/ql2xnvmeenable

    The expected output is 1.

Step 4: Optionally, enable 1MB I/O

You can enable I/O requests of size 1MB for NVMe/FC configured with a Broadcom adapter. ONTAP reports a Max Data Transfer Size (MDTS) of 8 in the Identify Controller data. This means the maximum I/O request size can be up to 1MB. To issue I/O requests of size 1MB, you need to increase the lpfc value of the lpfc_sg_seg_cnt parameter to 256 from the default value of 64.

Note These steps don't apply to Qlogic NVMe/FC hosts.
Steps

  1. Set the lpfc_sg_seg_cnt parameter to 256:

    cat /etc/modprobe.d/lpfc.conf
    options lpfc lpfc_sg_seg_cnt=256

  2. Run the dracut -f command, and reboot the host.

  3. Verify that the value for lpfc_sg_seg_cnt is 256:

    cat /sys/module/lpfc/parameters/lpfc_sg_seg_cnt

Step 5: Configure NVMe/TCP

The NVMe/TCP protocol doesn't support the auto-connect operation. Instead, you can discover the NVMe/TCP subsystems and namespaces by performing the NVMe/TCP connect or connect-all operations manually.

Steps

  1. Verify that the initiator port can fetch the discovery log page data across the supported NVMe/TCP LIFs:

    nvme discover -t tcp -w host-traddr -a traddr
    Show example 
    nvme discover -t tcp -w 192.168.1.31 -a 192.168.1.24
Discovery Log Number of Records 20, Generation counter 25
=====Discovery Log Entry 0======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: current discovery subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  4
trsvcid: 8009
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:discovery
traddr:  192.168.2.25
eflags:  explicit discovery connections, duplicate discovery information
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 1======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: current discovery subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  2
trsvcid: 8009
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:discovery
traddr:  192.168.1.25
eflags:  explicit discovery connections, duplicate discovery information
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 2======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: current discovery subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  5
trsvcid: 8009
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:discovery
traddr:  192.168.2.24
eflags:  explicit discovery connections, duplicate discovery information
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 3======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: current discovery subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  1
trsvcid: 8009
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:discovery
traddr:  192.168.1.24
eflags:  explicit discovery connections, duplicate discovery information
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 4======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  4
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_1
traddr:  192.168.2.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 5======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  2
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_1
traddr:  192.168.1.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 6======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  5
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_1
traddr:  192.168.2.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 7======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  1
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_1
traddr:  192.168.1.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 8======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  4
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_4
traddr:  192.168.2.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 9======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  2
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_4
traddr:  192.168.1.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 10======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  5
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_4
traddr:  192.168.2.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 11======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  1
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_4
traddr:  192.168.1.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 12======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  4
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_3
traddr:  192.168.2.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 13======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  2
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_3
traddr:  192.168.1.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 14======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  5
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_3
traddr:  192.168.2.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 15======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  1
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_3
traddr:  192.168.1.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 16======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  4
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_2
traddr:  192.168.2.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 17======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  2
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_2
traddr:  192.168.1.25
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 18======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  5
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_2
traddr:  192.168.2.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none
=====Discovery Log Entry 19======
trtype:  tcp
adrfam:  ipv4
subtype: nvme subsystem
treq:    not specified
portid:  1
trsvcid: 4420
subnqn:  nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_2
traddr:  192.168.1.24
eflags:  none
sectype: none

  2. Verify that the other NVMe/TCP initiator-target LIF combinations are able to successfully fetch discovery log page data:

    nvme discover -t tcp -w host-traddr -a traddr
    Show example 
    nvme discover -t tcp -w 192.168.1.31 -a 192.168.1.24
nvme discover -t tcp -w 192.168.2.31 -a 192.168.2.24
nvme discover -t tcp -w 192.168.1.31 -a 192.168.1.25
nvme discover -t tcp -w 192.168.2.31 -a 192.168.2.25

  3. Run the nvme connect-all command across all the supported NVMe/TCP initiator-target LIFs across the nodes:

    nvme connect-all -t tcp -w host-traddr -a traddr
    Show example 
    nvme	connect-all	-t	tcp	-w	192.168.1.31	-a	192.168.1.24
nvme	connect-all	-t	tcp	-w	192.168.2.31	-a	192.168.2.24
nvme	connect-all	-t	tcp	-w	192.168.1.31	-a	192.168.1.25
nvme	connect-all	-t	tcp	-w	192.168.2.31	-a	192.168.2.25
Note

Beginning with Rocky Linux 9.4, the setting for the NVMe/TCP ctrl_loss_tmo timeout is automatically set to "off". As a result:

  • There are no limits on the number of retries (indefinite retry).

  • You don't need to manually configure a specific ctrl_loss_tmo timeout duration when using the nvme connect or nvme connect-all commands (option -l ).

  • The NVMe/TCP controllers don't experience timeouts in the event of a path failure and remain connected indefinitely.

Step 6: Validate NVMe-oF

Verify that the in-kernel NVMe multipath status, ANA status, and ONTAP namespaces are correct for the NVMe-oF configuration.

Steps

  1. Verify that the in-kernel NVMe multipath is enabled:

    cat /sys/module/nvme_core/parameters/multipath

    You should see the following output:

    Y

  2. Verify that the appropriate NVMe-oF settings (such as, model set to NetApp ONTAP Controller and load balancing iopolicy set to round-robin) for the respective ONTAP namespaces correctly reflect on the host:

    1. Display the subsystems:

      cat /sys/class/nvme-subsystem/nvme-subsys*/model

      You should see the following output:

      NetApp ONTAP Controller
NetApp ONTAP Controller

    2. Display the policy:

      cat /sys/class/nvme-subsystem/nvme-subsys*/iopolicy

      You should see the following output:

      round-robin
round-robin

  3. Verify that the namespaces are created and correctly discovered on the host:

    nvme list
    Show example 
    Node         SN                   Model
---------------------------------------------------------
/dev/nvme4n1 81Ix2BVuekWcAAAAAAAB	NetApp ONTAP Controller


Namespace Usage    Format             FW             Rev
-----------------------------------------------------------
1                 21.47 GB / 21.47 GB	4 KiB + 0 B   FFFFFFFF

  4. Verify that the controller state of each path is live and has the correct ANA status:

    NVMe/FC
    nvme list-subsys /dev/nvme4n5
    Show example 
    nvme-subsys4 - NQN=nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.3a5d31f5502c11ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_1
               hostnqn=nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:e6dade64-216d-
11ec-b7bb-7ed30a5482c3
iopolicy=round-robin\
+- nvme1 fc traddr=nn-0x2082d039eaa7dfc8:pn-0x2088d039eaa7dfc8,host_traddr=nn-0x20000024ff752e6d:pn-0x21000024ff752e6d live optimized
+- nvme12 fc traddr=nn-0x2082d039eaa7dfc8:pn-0x208ad039eaa7dfc8,host_traddr=nn-0x20000024ff752e6d:pn-0x21000024ff752e6d live non-optimized
+- nvme10 fc traddr=nn-0x2082d039eaa7dfc8:pn-0x2087d039eaa7dfc8,host_traddr=nn-0x20000024ff752e6c:pn-0x21000024ff752e6c live non-optimized
+- nvme3 fc traddr=nn-0x2082d039eaa7dfc8:pn-0x2083d039eaa7dfc8,host_traddr=nn-0x20000024ff752e6c:pn-0x21000024ff752e6c live optimized
    NVMe/TCP
    nvme list-subsys /dev/nvme1n1
    Show example 
    nvme-subsys5 - NQN=nqn.1992-08.com.netapp:sn.0f4ba1e74eb611ef9f50d039eab6cb6d:subsystem.nvme_tcp_3
hostnqn=nqn.2014-08.org.nvmexpress:uuid:4c4c4544-0035-5910-804b-b5c04f444d33
iopolicy=round-robin
\
+- nvme13 tcp traddr=192.168.2.25,trsvcid=4420,host_traddr=192.168.2.31,
src_addr=192.168.2.31 live optimized
+- nvme14 tcp traddr=192.168.2.24,trsvcid=4420,host_traddr=192.168.2.31,
src_addr=192.168.2.31 live non-optimized
+- nvme5 tcp traddr=192.168.1.25,trsvcid=4420,host_traddr=192.168.1.31,
src_addr=192.168.1.31 live optimized
+- nvme6 tcp traddr=192.168.1.24,trsvcid=4420,host_traddr=192.168.1.31,
src_addr=192.168.1.31 live non-optimized

  5. Verify that the NetApp plug-in displays the correct values for each ONTAP namespace device:

    Column
    nvme netapp ontapdevices -o column
    Show example 
    Device        Vserver   Namespace Path
----------------------- ------------------------------
/dev/nvme1n1     linux_tcnvme_iscsi        /vol/tcpnvme_1_0_0/tcpnvme_ns

NSID       UUID                                   Size
------------------------------------------------------------
1    5f7f630d-8ea5-407f-a490-484b95b15dd6   21.47GB
    JSON
    nvme netapp ontapdevices -o json
    Show example 
    {
  "ONTAPdevices":[
    {
      "Device":"/dev/nvme1n1",
      "Vserver":"linux_tcnvme_iscsi",
      "Namespace_Path":"/vol/tcpnvme_1_0_0/tcpnvme_ns",
      "NSID":1,
      "UUID":"5f7f630d-8ea5-407f-a490-484b95b15dd6",
      "Size":"21.47GB",
      "LBA_Data_Size":4096,
      "Namespace_Size":5242880
    },
]
}

Step 7: Review the known issues

There are no known issues.