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Keystone

Service levels

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Keystone offers data storage capacity at pre-defined performance service levels (service levels) or rate plans on a subscription basis. Each volume managed by Keystone services is associated with a service level.

Each service level is defined by its I/O density, that is IOPS/TiB/volume. This is the ratio of performance (input/output operations per second [IOPS]) and allocated storage capacity (TiB) which is IOPS/TiB at average latency per volume.

The I/O density for a volume is calculated at an hourly interval to report the peak I/O density. I/O density reports for volumes are generated monthly.

You select service levels based on your storage environment, and storage and consumption needs. The base service levels are available to you by default. Other service levels are additionally available, if you have opted for specific services. For example, for the data protection service, the Data-Protect <base-service-level> service level is assigned to your subscription.

The base service levels for file, block, and object storage types are listed here.

Service levels for file storage

Supported protocols: NFS, CIFS, iSCSI, and FC

Service level

Extreme

Premium

Standard

Value

Workload type

Analytics, databases

VDI, virtualization apps, Software dev

File shares, web servers

Backup

Maximum IOPS/logical TiB allocated per volume

12,288

4,096

512

N/A

Target IOPS/logical TiB allocated per volume

6,144

2,048

128

N/A

Maximum MBps/logical TiB allocated per volume

384

128

16

N/A

Average Latency

<1 ms

<2 ms

<17 ms

N/A

Block size

32K

More on service levels for file storage

The base service level metrics depend on the following conditions:

  • The service levels for file and block storage support ONTAP 9.7 and later.

  • IOPS/TiB/volume, MBps/TiB/volume, and latency values for service levels are based on the amount of logical data stored in the volume, 32KB block size, and a random combination of 70% read and 30% write IO operations.

  • Actual IOPS/TiB/volume and MBps/TiB/volume may vary based on the actual or assumed block size, system workload concurrency, or input-output operations.

  • Latency does not include the following:

    • application or host latency

    • customer network latency to or from the controller ports

    • overheads associated with the data transfer to the object store in case of FabricPool

    • latency automatically applied by QoS to keep IO within service level maximums

  • Latency values are not applicable to MetroCluster write operations. These write operations are dependent on the distance of remote systems.

  • If one or more volumes on a storage system do not have an AQoS policy assigned, then these volumes are considered as non-compliant volumes, and no target service levels are applicable for those systems.

  • Expected IOPS is targeted for FabricPool only if the tiering policy is set to "none" and no blocks are in the cloud. Expected IOPS is targeted for volumes that are not in a SnapMirror synchronous relationship.

  • Workload IO operations need to be balanced across all deployed controllers, as determined by the Keystone order.

Service levels for block storage

Supported protocols: FC and iSCSI

Service level

Extreme

Premium

Standard

Workload type

HPC

Video surveillance

Backup

Target IOPS/TiB

N/A

Max IOPS/TiB

5,500

4,000

N/A

Max throughput MBps (32KB/IOP)

43

31

N/A

Average Latency

<0.5 ms

<0.5 ms

N/A

Block size

32K

Service levels for object storage

Supported protocol: S3

Service level

Object

Workload type

Media repository, archiving

Target IOPS/TiB

N/A

Max IOPS/TiB

N/A

Max throughput MBps (32KB/IOP)

N/A

Average Latency

N/A