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本繁體中文版使用機器翻譯，譯文僅供參考，若與英文版本牴觸，應以英文版本為準。

瞭解 ONTAP 多管理驗證

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從 ONTAP 9.11.1 開始，您可以使用多管理驗證（ MAV ）來確保某些作業（例如刪除磁碟區或快照）只能在指定管理員核准後執行。如此可防止遭到入侵、惡意或缺乏經驗的系統管理員進行不必要的變更或刪除資料。

設定多管理員驗證包括：

初始設定之後、這些元素只能由MAV核准群組（MAV系統管理員）中的系統管理員修改。

啟用多重管理驗證時、完成每項受保護的作業都需要下列步驟：

  1. 當使用者啟動作業時 "已產生要求。"

  2. 在執行作業之前，請至少先執行一個"MAV管理員必須核准。"

  3. 核准後，系統會提示使用者並完成作業。

註 如果您需要在未經 MAV 管理員批准的情況下停用多管理員驗證功能，請聯絡NetApp支援並提及以下內容"NetApp知識庫：如果 MAV 管理員不可用，如何停用多管理員驗證"。

多管理員驗證不適用於涉及大量自動化的磁碟區或工作流程、因為每項自動化工作都需要核准才能完成作業。如果您想要同時使用自動化和 MAV ，建議您針對特定的 MAV 作業使用查詢。例如，您只能將 MAV 規則套用 `volume delete`至不涉及自動化的磁碟區，而且可以使用特定的命名方案來指定這些磁碟區。

註 Cloud Volumes ONTAP 無法使用多重管理驗證。

多管理員驗證的運作方式

多管理員驗證包括：

  • 一或多位系統管理員的群組、擁有核准和否決的權限。

  • _規則表_中的一組受保護作業或命令。

  • _規則engine _以識別及控制受保護作業的執行。

根據角色型存取控制（RBAC）規則、評估MAV規則。因此、執行或核准受保護作業的系統管理員必須已擁有這些作業的最低RBAC權限。 "深入瞭解RBAC"。

系統定義的規則

啟用多管理員驗證時、系統定義的規則（也稱為_guard rail _規則）會建立一組MAV作業、以控制規避MAV程序本身的風險。這些作業無法從規則表格中移除。啟用MAV之後、以星號（）指定的作業在執行之前、必須先經過一或多位管理員的核准、 show*命令除外。

  • security multi-admin-verify modify 營運 *

    控制多管理員驗證功能的組態。

  • security multi-admin-verify approval-group 營運 *

    以多管理員驗證認證身分證明來控制系統管理員群組的成員資格。

  • security multi-admin-verify rule 營運 *

    控制需要多管理員驗證的命令集。

  • security multi-admin-verify request 營運

    控制核准程序。

受規則保護的命令

除了系統定義的操作外，啟用多管理員驗證時，以下命令預設受到保護，但您可以修改規則以刪除對這些命令的保護：

每個 ONTAP 版本都提供更多命令、讓您可以選擇使用多重管理驗證規則來保護這些命令。請選擇您的 ONTAP 版本、以取得可保護的命令完整清單。

9.17.1

  • cluster date modify 3

  • cluster log-forwarding create 3

  • cluster log-forwarding delete 3

  • cluster log-forwarding modify 3

  • cluster peer delete

  • cluster time-service ntp server create 3

  • cluster time-service ntp server delete 3

  • cluster time-service ntp key create3

  • cluster time-service ntp key delete3

  • cluster time-service ntp key modify3

  • cluster time-service ntp server modify 3

  • event config modify

  • event config set-mail-server-password 3

  • lun delete 3

  • security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume disable 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify2

  • security anti-ransomware volume pause 1

  • security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify2

  • security audit modify 3

  • security ipsec config modify 3

  • security ipsec policy create 3

  • security ipsec policy delete 3

  • security ipsec policy modify 3

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • security key-manager onboard update-passphrase3

  • security saml-sp create 3

  • security saml-sp delete 3

  • security saml-sp modify 3

  • security webauthn credentials delete4

  • snaplock legal-hold end 3

  • storage aggregate delete 3

  • storage aggregate offline4

  • storage encryption disk destroy 3

  • storage encryption disk modify 3

  • storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state 3

  • storage encryption disk sanitize 3

  • system bridge run-cli 3

  • system controller flash-cache secure-erase run 3

  • system controller service-event delete 3

  • system health alert delete 3

  • system health alert modify 3

  • system health policy definition modify 3

  • system node autosupport modify 3

  • system node autosupport trigger modify 3

  • system node coredump delete 3

  • system node coredump delete-all 3

  • system node hardware nvram-encryption modify 3

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • system script delete 3

  • system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses 3

  • system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses 3

  • system smtape restore 3

  • system switch ethernet log disable-collection 3

  • system switch ethernet log modify 3

  • timezone 3

  • volume create 3

  • volume delete

  • volume encryption conversion start4

  • volume encryption rekey start4

  • volume file privileged-delete 3

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume modify 3

  • volume rename 5

  • volume recovery-queue modify 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge-all 2

  • volume snaplock modify 1

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot create 3

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot modify 3

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot rename 3

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver audit create 3

  • vserver audit delete 3

  • vserver audit disable 3

  • vserver audit modify 3

  • vserver audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver create2

  • vserver consistency-group create4

  • vserver consistency-group delete4

  • vserver consistency-group modify4

  • vserver consistency-group snapshot create4

  • vserver consistency-group snapshot delete4

  • vserver delete 3

  • vserver modify 2

  • vserver object-store-server audit create 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit delete 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit disable 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit modify 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver object-store-server bucket cors-rule create4

  • vserver object-store-server bucket cors-rule delete4

  • vserver options 3

  • vserver peer delete

  • vserver security file-directory apply 3

  • vserver security file-directory remove-slag 3

  • vserver stop4

  • vserver vscan disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy create 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy delete 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy modify 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool create 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool delete 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool modify 3

9.16.1.

  • cluster date modify 3

  • cluster log-forwarding create 3

  • cluster log-forwarding delete 3

  • cluster log-forwarding modify 3

  • cluster peer delete

  • cluster time-service ntp server create 3

  • cluster time-service ntp server delete 3

  • cluster time-service ntp key create3

  • cluster time-service ntp key delete3

  • cluster time-service ntp key modify3

  • cluster time-service ntp server modify 3

  • event config modify

  • event config set-mail-server-password 3

  • lun delete 3

  • security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume disable 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify2

  • security anti-ransomware volume pause 1

  • security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify2

  • security audit modify 3

  • security ipsec config modify 3

  • security ipsec policy create 3

  • security ipsec policy delete 3

  • security ipsec policy modify 3

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • security key-manager onboard update-passphrase3

  • security saml-sp create 3

  • security saml-sp delete 3

  • security saml-sp modify 3

  • security webauthn credentials delete4

  • snaplock legal-hold end 3

  • storage aggregate delete 3

  • storage aggregate offline4

  • storage encryption disk destroy 3

  • storage encryption disk modify 3

  • storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state 3

  • storage encryption disk sanitize 3

  • system bridge run-cli 3

  • system controller flash-cache secure-erase run 3

  • system controller service-event delete 3

  • system health alert delete 3

  • system health alert modify 3

  • system health policy definition modify 3

  • system node autosupport modify 3

  • system node autosupport trigger modify 3

  • system node coredump delete 3

  • system node coredump delete-all 3

  • system node hardware nvram-encryption modify 3

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • system script delete 3

  • system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses 3

  • system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses 3

  • system smtape restore 3

  • system switch ethernet log disable-collection 3

  • system switch ethernet log modify 3

  • timezone 3

  • volume create 3

  • volume delete

  • volume encryption conversion start4

  • volume encryption rekey start4

  • volume file privileged-delete 3

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume modify 3

  • volume recovery-queue modify 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge-all 2

  • volume snaplock modify 1

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot create 3

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot modify 3

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot rename 3

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver audit create 3

  • vserver audit delete 3

  • vserver audit disable 3

  • vserver audit modify 3

  • vserver audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver create2

  • vserver consistency-group create4

  • vserver consistency-group delete4

  • vserver consistency-group modify4

  • vserver consistency-group snapshot create4

  • vserver consistency-group snapshot delete4

  • vserver delete 3

  • vserver modify 2

  • vserver object-store-server audit create 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit delete 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit disable 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit modify 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver object-store-server bucket cors-rule create4

  • vserver object-store-server bucket cors-rule delete4

  • vserver options 3

  • vserver peer delete

  • vserver security file-directory apply 3

  • vserver security file-directory remove-slag 3

  • vserver stop4

  • vserver vscan disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy create 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy delete 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy modify 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool create 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool delete 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool modify 3

9.15.1..

  • cluster date modify 3

  • cluster log-forwarding create 3

  • cluster log-forwarding delete 3

  • cluster log-forwarding modify 3

  • cluster peer delete

  • cluster time-service ntp server create 3

  • cluster time-service ntp server delete 3

  • cluster time-service ntp key create3

  • cluster time-service ntp key delete3

  • cluster time-service ntp key modify3

  • cluster time-service ntp server modify 3

  • event config modify

  • event config set-mail-server-password 3

  • lun delete 3

  • security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume disable 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify2

  • security anti-ransomware volume pause 1

  • security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify2

  • security audit modify 3

  • security ipsec config modify 3

  • security ipsec policy create 3

  • security ipsec policy delete 3

  • security ipsec policy modify 3

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • security key-manager onboard update-passphrase3

  • security saml-sp create 3

  • security saml-sp delete 3

  • security saml-sp modify 3

  • snaplock legal-hold end 3

  • storage aggregate delete 3

  • storage encryption disk destroy 3

  • storage encryption disk modify 3

  • storage encryption disk revert-to-original-state 3

  • storage encryption disk sanitize 3

  • system bridge run-cli 3

  • system controller flash-cache secure-erase run 3

  • system controller service-event delete 3

  • system health alert delete 3

  • system health alert modify 3

  • system health policy definition modify 3

  • system node autosupport modify 3

  • system node autosupport trigger modify 3

  • system node coredump delete 3

  • system node coredump delete-all 3

  • system node hardware nvram-encryption modify 3

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • system script delete 3

  • system service-processor ssh add-allowed-addresses 3

  • system service-processor ssh remove-allowed-addresses 3

  • system smtape restore 3

  • system switch ethernet log disable-collection 3

  • system switch ethernet log modify 3

  • timezone 3

  • volume create 3

  • volume delete

  • volume file privileged-delete 3

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume modify 3

  • volume recovery-queue modify 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge-all 2

  • volume snaplock modify 1

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot create 3

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot modify 3

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot rename 3

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver audit create 3

  • vserver audit delete 3

  • vserver audit disable 3

  • vserver audit modify 3

  • vserver audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver create2

  • vserver delete 3

  • vserver modify 2

  • vserver object-store-server audit create 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit delete 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit disable 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit modify 3

  • vserver object-store-server audit rotate-log 3

  • vserver options 3

  • vserver peer delete

  • vserver security file-directory apply 3

  • vserver security file-directory remove-slag 3

  • vserver vscan disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy create 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy delete 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy disable 3

  • vserver vscan on-access-policy modify 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool create 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool delete 3

  • vserver vscan scanner-pool modify 3

9.14.1.

  • cluster peer delete

  • event config modify

  • security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume disable 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume event-log modify2

  • security anti-ransomware volume pause 1

  • security anti-ransomware vserver event-log modify2

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • volume delete

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume recovery-queue modify 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge 2

  • volume recovery-queue purge-all 2

  • volume snaplock modify 1

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete *

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver create2

  • vserver modify 2

  • vserver peer delete

9.13.1.12.9.12.9.

  • cluster peer delete

  • event config modify

  • security anti-ransomware volume attack clear-suspect 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume disable 1

  • security anti-ransomware volume pause 1

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • volume delete

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume snaplock modify 1

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete *

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver peer delete

9.12.1/9.11.1

  • cluster peer delete

  • event config modify

  • security login create

  • security login delete

  • security login modify

  • security login publickey create

  • security login publickey delete

  • security login publickey modify

  • system node run

  • system node systemshell

  • volume delete

  • volume flexcache delete

  • volume snapshot autodelete modify

  • volume snapshot delete

  • volume snapshot policy add-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy create

  • volume snapshot policy delete *

  • volume snapshot policy modify

  • volume snapshot policy modify-schedule

  • volume snapshot policy remove-schedule

  • volume snapshot restore

  • vserver peer delete

  1. 9.13.1 全新的規則保護命令

  2. 適用於 9.14.1 的全新規則保護命令

  3. 9.15.1 的新規則保護命令

  4. 9.16.1 的新規則保護命令

  5. 9.17.1 的新規則保護命令

    • 此命令僅適用於 CLI ，在某些版本中不適用於 System Manager 。

多管理員核准的運作方式

只要在受MAV保護的叢集上輸入受保護的作業、就會將作業執行要求傳送至指定的MAV系統管理員群組。

您可以設定：

  • MAV群組中的系統管理員名稱、聯絡資訊和數量。

    MAV管理員應具備具備叢集管理員權限的RBAC角色。

  • MAV系統管理員群組的數目。

    • 每個受保護的作業規則都會指派一個MAV群組。

    • 對於多個MAV群組、您可以設定哪個MAV群組核准特定規則。

  • 執行受保護作業所需的MAV核准數。

  • MAV管理員必須在_核准到期_期間內回應核准要求。

  • 執行過期_期間、要求的系統管理員必須在此期間內完成作業。

設定這些參數後、必須取得MAV核准才能加以修改。

MAV系統管理員無法核准自己執行受保護作業的要求。因此：

  • 不應在只有一位系統管理員的叢集上啟用MAV。

  • 如果 MAV 群組中只有一個人、則 MAV 管理員無法啟動受保護的作業；一般管理員必須啟動受保護的作業、且 MAV 管理員只能核准。

  • 如果您想讓MAV管理員能夠執行受保護的作業、則MAV管理員人數必須大於所需的核准人數。 例如、如果受保護的作業需要兩次核准、而您希望MAV系統管理員執行這些核准、則MAV系統管理員群組中必須有三位人員。

MAV系統管理員可以接收電子郵件警示中的核准要求（使用EMS）、也可以查詢要求佇列。 當他們收到要求時、可以採取下列三種行動之一：

  • 核准

  • 拒絕（否決）

  • 忽略（無行動）

在下列情況下、電子郵件通知會傳送給與MAV規則相關的所有核准者：

  • 隨即建立要求。

  • 申請已核准或遭否決。

  • 系統會執行核准的申請。

如果申請者在該作業的同一個核准群組中、他們會在申請獲得核准時收到一封電子郵件。

註 申請者即使在核准群組中，也無法核准自己的申請（雖然他們可以針對自己的申請取得電子郵件通知）。不在核准群組中的申請者（即非MAV系統管理員）不會收到電子郵件通知。

受保護的作業執行方式

如果已核准執行受保護的作業、則要求的使用者會在收到提示時繼續執行該作業。如果作業遭否決、申請使用者必須先刪除申請、然後再繼續。

MAV規則會在RBAC權限之後評估。因此、沒有足夠RBAC權限執行作業的使用者無法啟動MAV要求程序。

在執行受保護的操作之前，MAV 規則會被評估。這意味著規則會根據系統的目前狀態執行。例如，如果為以下物件建立了 MAV 規則： volume modify`查詢 `-size 5GB ， 使用 `volume modify`將 5GB 磁碟區大小調整為 2GB 需要 MAV 批准，但將 2GB 磁碟區大小調整為 5GB 則不需要。

相關資訊