Skip to main content
本产品推出了新版本。
简体中文版经机器翻译而成，仅供参考。如与英语版出现任何冲突，应以英语版为准。

执行钩示例

贡献者
PDF

使用以下示例了解如何构建执行挂钩。您可以将这些挂钩用作模板或测试脚本。

简单的成功示例

这是一个简单的钩子示例，它成功地将消息写入标准输出和标准错误。

#!/bin/sh

# success_sample.sh
#
# A simple noop success hook script for testing purposes.
#
# args: None
#


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running success_sample.sh"

# exit with 0 to indicate success
info "exit 0"
exit 0

简单成功示例（ bash 版本）

这是一个简单的钩子示例，该钩子成功地将消息写入标准输出和标准错误，并写入 bash 。

#!/bin/bash

# success_sample.bash
#
# A simple noop success hook script for testing purposes.
#
# args: None


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running success_sample.bash"

# exit with 0 to indicate success
info "exit 0"
exit 0

简单成功示例（ zsh 版本）

这是一个简单的钩子示例，该钩子成功地将消息写入标准输出和标准错误，并写入 Z shell 。

#!/bin/zsh

# success_sample.zsh
#
# A simple noop success hook script for testing purposes.
#
# args: None
#


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}

#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running success_sample.zsh"

# exit with 0 to indicate success
info "exit 0"
exit 0

成功使用参数示例

以下示例演示了如何在挂机中使用 args 。

#!/bin/sh

# success_sample_args.sh
#
# A simple success hook script with args for testing purposes.
#
# args: Up to two optional args that are echoed to stdout

#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running success_sample_args.sh"


# collect args
arg1=$1
arg2=$2

# output args and arg count to stdout
info "number of args: $#"
info "arg1 ${arg1}"
info "arg2 ${arg2}"

# exit with 0 to indicate success
info "exit 0"
exit 0

快照前 / 快照后挂钩示例

以下示例演示了如何对快照前和快照后挂钩使用同一脚本。

#!/bin/sh

# success_sample_pre_post.sh
#
# A simple success hook script example with an arg for testing purposes
# to demonstrate how the same script can be used for both a prehook and posthook
#
# args: [pre|post]

# unique error codes for every error case
ebase=100
eusage=$((ebase+1))
ebadstage=$((ebase+2))
epre=$((ebase+3))
epost=$((ebase+4))


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# Would run prehook steps here
#
prehook() {
    info "Running noop prehook"
    return 0
}

#
# Would run posthook steps here
#
posthook() {
    info "Running noop posthook"
    return 0
}


#
# main
#

# check arg
stage=$1
if [ -z "${stage}" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <pre|post>"
    exit ${eusage}
fi

if [ "${stage}" != "pre" ] && [ "${stage}" != "post" ]; then
    echo "Invalid arg: ${stage}"
    exit ${ebadstage}
fi

# log something to stdout
info "running success_sample_pre_post.sh"

if [ "${stage}" = "pre" ]; then
    prehook
    rc=$?
    if [ ${rc} -ne 0 ]; then
        error "Error during prehook"
    fi
fi

if [ "${stage}" = "post" ]; then
    posthook
    rc=$?
    if [ ${rc} -ne 0 ]; then
        error "Error during posthook"
    fi
fi

exit ${rc}

故障示例

以下示例演示了如何处理挂机故障。

#!/bin/sh

# failure_sample_arg_exit_code.sh
#
# A simple failure hook script for testing purposes.
#
# args: [the exit code to return]
#


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running failure_sample_arg_exit_code.sh"

argexitcode=$1

# log to stderr
error "script failed, returning exit code ${argexitcode}"

# exit with specified exit code
exit ${argexitcode}

详细故障示例

以下示例演示了如何处理挂机故障，并提供更详细的日志记录。

#!/bin/sh

# failure_sample_verbose.sh
#
# A simple failure hook script with args for testing purposes.
#
# args: [The number of lines to output to stdout]


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running failure_sample_verbose.sh"


# output arg value to stdout
linecount=$1
info "line count ${linecount}"

# write out a line to stdout based on line count arg
i=1
while [ "$i" -le ${linecount} ]; do
    info "This is line ${i} from failure_sample_verbose.sh"
    i=$(( i + 1 ))
done

error "exiting with error code 8"
exit 8

退出代码示例失败

以下示例显示了一个连接失败并显示退出代码。

#!/bin/sh

# failure_sample_arg_exit_code.sh
#
# A simple failure hook script for testing purposes.
#
# args: [the exit code to return]
#


#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running failure_sample_arg_exit_code.sh"

argexitcode=$1

# log to stderr
error "script failed, returning exit code ${argexitcode}"

# exit with specified exit code
exit ${argexitcode}

失败后成功示例

以下示例显示了首次运行时发生故障的挂钩，但在第二次运行后仍会成功。

#!/bin/sh

# failure_then_success_sample.sh
#
# A hook script that fails on initial run but succeeds on second run for testing purposes.
#
# Helpful for testing retry logic for post hooks.
#
# args: None
#

#
# Writes the given message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
msg() {
    echo "$*"
}


#
# Writes the given information message to standard output
#
# $* - The message to write
#
info() {
    msg "INFO: $*"
}

#
# Writes the given error message to standard error
#
# $* - The message to write
#
error() {
    msg "ERROR: $*" 1>&2
}


#
# main
#

# log something to stdout
info "running failure_success sample.sh"


if [ -e /tmp/hook-test.junk ] ; then
    info "File does exist.  Removing /tmp/hook-test.junk"
    rm /tmp/hook-test.junk
    info "Second run so returning exit code 0"
    exit 0
else
    info "File does not exist.  Creating /tmp/hook-test.junk"
    echo "test" > /tmp/hook-test.junk
    error "Failed first run, returning exit code 5"
    exit 5
fi